Discretization and de-geometrization (III): Object-centric special relativity and new perspectives on dark matter, energy, and the Hubble tension

We propose a geometric framework to address the Hubble tension and reinterpret dark matter and dark energy using object-centric relativity and the Hologlomic principle. In this model, the universe evolves as a 3D hypersurface embedded in a 4D expanding hypersphere. Directional curvature, derived from proper accelerations along and within the hypersurface, replaces the cosmological constant Λ and cold dark matter in Einstein’s field equations. A glue-dot balloon analogy captures anisotropic expansion dynamics. Our modified Einstein and Friedmann equations suggest an observationally distinguishable alternative to adiabatic cold dark matter model with potential implications for structure formation, cosmic void evolution, and redshift-distance relations.