Ancient communal mode of production of sea salt commodity in Bali during tourism expansion

Sea salt farmers in Bali utilize a technological system preserved for centuries, showing little significant change. This study investigates how this sea salt technology system survives, synergizes, and integrates with the current capitalist mode of production. Focusing on the unique palung salt commodity, this qualitative study employs ethnographic and sociological approaches, utilizing documentary evidence, life histories, and focus group discussions. Despite the pervasive capitalist mode, driven by tourism industrialization, impacting all sectors of Balinese economic life, the traditional production of palung salt has persisted and even developed. We term this phenomenon ‘good capitalism.’This study identifies key factors enabling this traditional production mode to thrive alongside the capitalist economic system. First, the palung salt technology system incorporates Balinese socio-cultural values with a strong religious foundation. Second, the salt products possess advantages aligning with the needs and image of modern industrial society, allow to penetrate the global market. Third, a capital-intensive business sector exists within the sea salt industry, seeking both profit and the preservation of this salt-making system as a historical and cultural heritage. This research may open opportunities for cultural tourism, drawing attention to heritage and supporting local economies through heritage-based tourism that offers economic advantages for local communities while respecting traditional practices.