Simultaneously Dealing With Immortal Time Bias and Residual Confounding: A Case Study of a High‐Dimensional Propensity Score Approach With a Nested Case–Control Framework in Multiple Sclerosis Research

This study offers a practical framework for addressing immortal time bias and residual confounding simultaneously, improving the validity of effect estimates in real-world studies. We shared reproducible R codes for researchers to facilitate the adoption of this methodology in their research.

Authors

Helen Tremlett (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5804-2535)
Huah Shin Ng (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8381-5253)
Mohammad Ehsanul Karim (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0346-2871)
Feng Zhu
Md. Belal Hossain (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4603-863X)

Institutions

University of British Columbia (CA)
Flinders University (AU)
SA Health (AU)
Centre for Advancing Health Outcomes (CA)

Publication Details

Journal: Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety
Published: 2025-06-24
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/pds.70174
Citations: 1
Primary Topic: Advanced Causal Inference Techniques
Type: article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact: 2.63

Funders

Canadian Institutes of Health Research

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article

Simultaneously Dealing With Immortal Time Bias and Residual Confounding: A Case Study of a High‐Dimensional Propensity Score Approach With a Nested Case–Control Framework in Multiple Sclerosis Research

Helen Tremlett, Huah Shin Ng, Mohammad Ehsanul Karim, Feng Zhu et al.

Jun 24, 2025

1 citations

Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety

Advanced Causal Inference Techniques

2.63

article

Simultaneously Dealing With Immortal Time Bias and Residual Confounding: A Case Study of a High‐Dimensional Propensity Score Approach With a Nested Case–Control Framework in Multiple Sclerosis Research

Helen Tremlett, Huah Shin Ng, Mohammad Ehsanul Karim, Feng Zhu, Md. Belal Hossain

June 24, 2025article en

1 citations

Abstract

This study offers a practical framework for addressing immortal time bias and residual confounding simultaneously, improving the validity of effect estimates in real-world studies. We shared reproducible R codes for researchers to facilitate the adoption of this methodology in their research.

Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug SafetyVol. 34(7)

University of British Columbia (CA), Flinders University (AU), SA Health (AU), Centre for Advancing Health Outcomes (CA)

Canadian Institutes of Health Research

Good health and well-being

Openalex Percentile: Top 11%

Advanced Causal Inference Techniques

2.63

DOI Open Access PDF OpenAlex

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Simultaneously Dealing With Immortal Time Bias and Residual Confounding: A Case Study of a High‐Dimensional Propensity Score Approach With a Nested Case–Control Framework in Multiple Sclerosis Research — Helen Tremlett, Huah Shin Ng, et al. · Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety (2025) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS