Analysing the Influence of Reverse Logistics on Green Supply Chain Management

The study investigates the impact of reverse logistics on green supply chain management, focusing on the manufacturing sector, particularly the recovery of glass bottles. Reverse logistics, as a specialized area of supply chain management, involves the movement of products from end users back to manufacturers for purposes such as returns, recycling, or remanufacturing. Once viewed primarily as a cost burden, reverse logistics is now recognised for its strategic importance in enhancing both environmental sustainability and economic performance. The research employed a descriptive design and integrated both inductive and deductive approaches, utilising qualitative and quantitative data. Data were collected through questionnaires from 60 supply chain professionals and analysed using statistical tools. The findings reveal that reverse logistics significantly contributes to environmental sustainability, competitive advantage, and financial performance. In the case of Carlsberg, it also enhances the corporate image. However, implementation is challenged by high and hidden costs, complex logistical network structures, inefficient recovery systems for glass bottles, and limited support from supply chain partners. Additional barriers include transaction difficulties, interference from second users, and problems with material handling. The absence of green systems and managerial inefficiencies further complicates the process. To address these challenges, the study recommends the development of comprehensive strategies, staff training, the formation of cross-functional teams, the adoption of advanced forecasting technologies, and deliberate engagement of supply chain stakeholders. The emerging relevance of remanufacturing and the involvement of cooperatives are highlighted as sustainable pathways. Moreover, government support through economic incentives and collaboration with manufacturers is emphasised. The study provides actionable insights for aligning reverse logistics with sustainable supply chain goals and improving material flow through product returns and remanufacturing practices.