Common Molecular Mechanisms and Biomarkers in Breast, Colon and Ovarian Cancer

Breast, colon, and ovarian cancers are among the most prevalent malignancies worldwide, with distinct clinical features. This study aims to identify key proteins as common biomarkers for breast, colon, and ovarian cancer through protein analysis, molecular mechanisms, and patient sample validation. Data mining from curated databases identified 483 proteins for breast cancer, 521 for colon cancer, and 223 for ovarian cancer. Interaction network analysis revealed shared clusters involved in cancer progression, DNA repair, and cell proliferation. A core set of 27 proteins was found to be common across all three cancer types, participating in key biological processes such as DNA damage response, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Notably, these proteins are implicated in KEGG pathways linked to multiple cancers. Differential gene expression analysis revealed significant alterations in the expressions of MSH2 and KIT across the three cancers, suggesting their potential as common biomarkers. The high expression of these proteins was associated with better survival outcomes, highlighting their potential as common biomarkers for breast, colon, and ovarian cancers. The in-silico methodology integrated various bioinformatic tools—including cluster identification, gene expression profiling, protein network visualization, and biomarker prediction—enhancing the understanding of shared molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets.