ORGANIZATION OF OBSERVATION AS A METHODOLOGICAL MODEL

The article considers observation from the point of view of its operational component – the organization of a specific series of activities aimed at achieving a predetermined goal. In the first part of the article, the main elements of observation as a cognitive activity are discussed in very general terms, in particular, the significance, prerequisites for distinguishing observation as a separate method of cognition, and a more relevant definition and structure of the method is given based on previously published works. The second part of the article is devoted to the consideration of the issue of observer qualification as an important element of the effectiveness of observation. The role of the observer and the requirements for them in the natural and social sciences are considered, the characteristic features that determine the quality of the observer’s work are highlighted based on the features of the practical implementation of the method. The third part of the article introduces the concept of a methodological model of observation as a combination of material resources and methods of their application, depending on the specific conditions of activity. The key features of individual methodological models are highlighted, the concepts of means and methods of observation are clarified, practical examples for the case of direct and inverted problems of determining a methodological model are considered. The ultimate goal of the work is to propose a framework for research planning, the basic method of which is observation.