The influence of elements of technology of cultivation of various varieties of winter wheat on biometric indicators of the unproductivity in the Nizhny Novgorod region

The research was conducted in a field experiment in Nizhny Novgorod region on light gray forest soil. The study examined the effects of a biological preparation “Vostok EM-1”, a microfertilizer “Nanosilicon”, and macro mineral fertilizers on yield and yield components of various winter wheat cultvars. The experiment followed a three-factor design. In 2024, winter wheat yields in the experiment ranged from 3.73 t/ha (cv. Nemchinovskaya 85) to 5.01 t/ha (cv. Mokovskaya 82). Application of mineral fertilizers at N 120 P 60 K 60 increased wheat yield by 0.16 t/ha compared to the unfertilized control, reaching 4.39 t/ha. Foliar application of “Nanosilicon” microfertilizer and “Vostok EM-1” biopreparation during the tillering phase increased yields by 0.13 t/ha (3.1%) and 0.31 t/ha (7.5%), respectively, compared to untreated plots. Biological yield potential calculations showed high productivity in studied cultivars — up to 7.99 t/ha (Moskovskaya 82). Mineral fertilizer application at N 60 P 30 K 30 and N 120 P 60 K 60 rates increased this parameter by 0.25–0.31 t/ha. Using “Vostok EM-1” biopreparation and “Nanosilicon” foliar application in winter wheat cultivation technology increased biological yield by 0.22–0.69 t/ha (3.3–10.4%) compared to the control.