Counterexamples to the 𝑝(𝑡)-adic Littlewood conjecture over small finite fields
De Mathan and Teulié [Monatsh. Math. 143 (2004), pp. 229–245] stated the <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="p"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">p</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula>-<italic>adic Littlewood Conjecture</italic> (<inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="p"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">p</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula>-<inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper L upper C"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> <mml:mi>C</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">LC</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula>) in analogy with the classical Littlewood Conjecture. Given a field <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="double-struck upper K"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="double-struck">K</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\mathbb {K}</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> and an irreducible polynomial <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="p left-parenthesis t right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">p(t)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> with coefficients in <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="double-struck upper K"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="double-struck">K</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\mathbb {K}</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula>, <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="p"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">p</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula>-<inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper L upper C"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> <mml:mi>C</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">LC</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> admits a natural analogue over function fields, abbreviated to <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="p left-parenthesis t right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">p(t)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula>-<inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper L upper C"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> <mml:mi>C</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">LC</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> (and to <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="t"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">t</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula>-<inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper L upper C"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> <mml:mi>C</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">LC</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> when <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="p left-parenthesis t right-parenthesis equals t"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">p(t)=t</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula>). In this paper, an explicit counterexample to <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="p left-parenthesis t right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">p(t)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula>-<inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper L upper C"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> <mml:mi>C</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">LC</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> is found over fields of characteristic 5. Furthermore, an infinite family of Laurent series is described that is conjectured to disprove <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="p left-parenthesis t right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">p(t)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula>-<inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper L upper C"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> <mml:mi>C</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">LC</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> over all fields of odd characteristic. This fills a gap left by a breakthrough paper from Adiceam, Nesharim and Lunnon [Duke Math. J. 170 (2021), pp. 2371–2419] in which they conjecture <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="t"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">t</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula>-<inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper L upper C"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> <mml:mi>C</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">LC</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> does not hold over all fields of characteristic <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="p identical-to 3 mod 4"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≡</mml:mo> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:mspace width="0.667em"/> <mml:mi>mod</mml:mi> <mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/> <mml:mspace width="thinmathspace"/> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">p\equiv 3\mod 4</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> and prove this in the case <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="p equals 3"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">p=3</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula>. Supported by computational evidence, this provides a complete picture on how <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="p left-parenthesis t right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">p(t)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula>-<inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper L upper C"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> <mml:mi>C</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">LC</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> is expected to behave over all fields with characteristic not equal to 2. Furthermore, the counterexample to <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="t"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">t</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula>-<inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper L upper C"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow>
Authors
- Samuel Garrett
- S. H. Robertson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4096-8393)
Institutions
- University of Manchester (GB)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Mathematics of Computation
- Published
- 2025-06-24
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1090/mcom/4104
- Citations
- 4
- Primary Topic
- semigroups and automata theory
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 6.02