Design and Implementation of an Electrolyte Temperature Control System for AgO-Al Batteries

AgO-Al batteries generate substantial heat during discharge, and inadequate heat dissipation can degrade battery performance and pose thermal runaway risks. To meet thermal control requirements for experimental scenarios, a feedback-controlled thermal management system was developed. Computational fluid dynamics was employed to analyze the effects of seawater flow rate, seawater temperature, electrolyte flow rate, and initial electrolyte temperature on electrolyte outlet temperature and heat dissipation capacity. Results indicate that heat dissipation capacity is negatively correlated with seawater temperature and positively correlated with electrolyte inlet temperature. It increases with higher seawater and electrolyte flow rates, though the increase becomes negligible when the seawater flow rate exceeds 10 m/s. The designed system adapts to dynamic operating conditions via real-time parameter tuning. Experimental validation confirms its effectiveness in regulating electrolyte outlet temperature, achieving steady-state control accuracy within ±3 °C and a dynamic response time of less than 7 min—meeting thermal management requirements for battery test benches. This study provides critical data and technical support for developing temperature control technologies and performance testing of seawater-activated batteries.