PREREQUISITES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIFFERENTIATED DEMOGRAPHIC POLICY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION TAKING INTO ACCOUNT REGIONAL FEATURES OF THE POPULATION DYNAMICS OF FEDERAL DISTRICTS

The purpose of the article is to analyze the dynamics of the population of the federal districts of Russia for the period 2010–2023, as well as to identify regional differences and key factors affecting demographic processes. The study uses statistical data, coefficients of change in the number (Kich) and analysis of the population structure. The results showed that the total population of Russia increased by 2.4%, but significant territorial disproportions are observed. was recorded in five districts: Southern (by 19.4%), North Caucasus (9.6%), Central (4.7%), Ural (1.7%) and Northwestern (1.5%). The largest increase in the Southern Federal District is associated with the annexation of Crimea. A decrease in the number was noted in the Volga, Siberian and Far Eastern districts (by 4.7–6.0%). The share of the population increased in the Central Federal District, the Southern Federal District and the North Caucasus Federal District, which led to a change in their ranking. Cluster analysis revealed two vectors of dynamics: steady growth in five constituencies and systemic contraction in three. At the regional level, 70.7% of regions faced population decline, and the maximum growth was recorded in the republics of the North Caucasus and the Moscow region. The results highlight the need for a differentiated demographic policy that takes into account regional specificities.