Сonnection of properties of psychophysiological functions with the nature of sports activity of different orientation

One of the characteristic features of sports activity is the need for quick decision-making in a difficult situation, which is based on reactions to the perception and processing of a huge amount of information from both external and internal (from muscles) environments.  The effectiveness of these reactions depends not only on the physical development and physical fitness of the athlete, but also on the state of development of his/her individual characteristics of psychophysiological functions, the physiological basis of which is highly genetically determined properties of the main nervous processes, sensory-motor and cognitive functions. However, there is another aspect that requires further study. This is the role that certain properties of psychophysiological functions play in the success of athletes in various sports. Objective. To analyse the connection between the properties of psychophysiological functions of sportsmen and the nature of sports activity of different orientation on the basis of generalisation of literature sources. Results. In the researches of scientists who studied the psychophysiological characteristics of athletes of different sports, certain differences are observed that are associated with the different nature of training and competitive load. It has been shown that a higher functional mobility of nervous processes (FMNP) is recorded in athletes who train in short-distance running, jumping and throwing in athletics, weightlifting, and sports games than in athletes in skiing, long-distance running, and rowing.  At the same time, there is evidence that highly skilled athletes in different sports have virtually no difference in their FMNP. The authors emphasise the importance of these characteristics in achieving high sports results, as individual psychophysiological indicators directly affect the athlete's ability to respond quickly to external stimuli and make decisions under competitive stress. The obtained results emphasise the importance of an individual approach to the training of athletes of different specialisations. In particular, knowledge about the relationship between the properties of nervous processes and the nature of sports activity can be used to improve the sports selection system. Identification of athletes with a high level of FRNP and optimal sensory-motor reactions allows predicting their potential in specific sports. In addition, the results obtained are of practical importance in improving the efficiency of the training process. Based on the analysis of psychophysiological characteristics, it is possible to adjust training programmes, develop individual training strategies, and optimise recovery techniques. The article concludes that functional mobility and strength of nervous processes, the level of sensory and motor functions are the determining characteristics that ensure the success of athletes in various sports. Thus, the authors emphasise the importance of further research in this area, which will improve theoretical and practical approaches to assessing the psychophysiological state of athletes. The results obtained will help to increase the level of sportsmanship and improve the sports selection system.