Functional factors providing conditions for mass transfer of respiratory gases during muscular activity in the mountains

For the physiology of motor activity and sports, the theory of hypoxic states, it is important to clarify the mechanisms that ensure the process of mass transfer and O2 utilization during muscle activity of varying intensity under conditions of reduced RO2 in the inhaled air, and the peculiarities of meeting the increased O2 demand of the body. A certain effectiveness of hypoxic training for improving functional capabilities of athletes and sports results both in sports related to the manifestation of endurance of athletes and in others has been proven in numerous works of researchers working in the field of sports physiology. Objective. To analyze (on the basis of the literature review and own observations) the influence of changes in the body of sportsmen in the mountains on the conditions of providing mass transfer of respiratory gases during muscular activity of different intensity. Methods. We analyzed the special scientific and methodological literature on the influence of the lack of O2 in the inhaled air on the functioning of the external respiratory system, cardiovascular system, oxygen transport function of blood, tissue respiration, homeostatic characteristics, etc. Results The main adaptive reactions of these systems in the mountains are considered, which ensure the supply of O2 from the environment to the lungs, its combination with hemoglobin, its transportation with blood to the working organs, its release by hemoglobin and movement to the muscles, the conditions of O2 consumption, the formation of CO2 and its excretion from the body, and other processes. It can be argued that the regulation of oxygen supply to the body during exercise in the process of adaptation to hypoxia occurs both at the systemic level and at the tissue level: the entire respiratory system is economized, and the mechanisms for regulating the process of mass transfer of respiratory gases are expanded. Thus, during strenuous muscle activity in the mountains, as a result of reduced RO2 in the inhaled air, there are changes in the functioning of almost all physiological systems involved in ensuring the process of mass transfer of respiratory gases in the body.