Applications of Artificial Intelligence in the Study and Diagnosis of Orbital Pathologies: State of the Art and Future Directions

Background: Diseases of the orbit, particularly tumors, present complex diagnostic challenges due to the variability of clinical manifestations and the delicate anatomical region. Artificial intelligence could be the appropriate tool to assist the physician in clinical decision making. This review aims to investigate the potential applications of such technology for the analysis and management of orbital pathologies, investigate the advantages and limitations, and offer suggestions for future research. Methods: Selected studies were included for the conduct of this review by adopting the PRISMA guidelines. Results: AI algorithms represent an innovative tool for orbital diagnostics with potential applications in screening, surgery planning, and follow-up. Despite this, limitations and challenges persist that need to be addressed with future research. Conclusions: Clinical decision systems are proving to be a useful tool for the management of orbital pathology. For full integration into clinical reality, some actions are needed, including the standardization of protocols and the implementation of multicenter studies.