Design Tapered Slot Antenna with AVOA Algorithm to Enhance Gain of the Patch Antenna

The conceptualization and evolution of Tapered Slot Antenna (TSA), incorporating U-shaped edges, and semi-circular parasitic patches, utilizing the African Vulture Optimizing Algorithm (AVOA). The aim is to enhance the antenna's gain up to 14.73 dBi for next generation 5G/6G wireless communication. This innovative approach optimizes critical parameters such as gain and bandwidth while maintaining a compact design. Simulations using ANSYS HFSS demonstrate stable performance, with gains ranging from 10.53 dBi to 14.50 dBi and 4.82 dBi to 15.05 dBi amid the variation in frequency range of of 41.72 GHz to 46.24GHz and another from 64.95 GHz to 68.20 GHz. The integration of semicircular parasitic patches and U-shaped edges significantly improves impedance matching and directional radiation patterns. Modelled on Roger's RT/Duroid 5880 base material with dimensions of 31 mm by 25.35 mm by 0.5 mm, the proposed antenna effectively addresses the challenges of mm Wave communication by improving efficiency and gain. This research highlights the potential of AVOA in optimizing frequency-reconfigurable microstrip patch antennas, making it a promising solution for advanced 5G wireless systems.