IoT-Enabled Smart Nebulizer with Adaptive Flow Control for Efficient Drug Delivery

This study designs an intelligent automated jet nebulizer with adaptive flow regulation to enhance aerosol delivery efficiency and reduce wastage. Traditional nebulizers lose a significant amount of aerosol during exhalation, compromising therapeutic outcomes and increasing the risk of bronchospasm and high drug exposure. The proposed nebulizer operates in two modes: Compressed Air and Oxygen Therapy. It uses an SpO<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> sensor to monitor oxygen saturation in real time and a temperature sensor-based algorithm to adjust airflow based on minute ventilation. A compressor control circuit dynamically regulates airflow, while a liquid level sensor ensures nebulization stops when the medication chamber is empty. Experimental results showed precise motor speed adjustments aligned with minute ventilation, achieving optimal turbulent flow within the chamber and smooth laminar flow through the nebulizer tube. The absence of excessive turbulence or circular flow patterns confirms improved delivery efficiency. These findings highlight the nebulizer's potential to overcome existing limitations, offering a smarter, more efficient solution for aerosol drug delivery.