Mid-Infrared Supercontinuum Generation Using Liquid-Filled Hexagonal Photonic Crystal Fiber with Chalcogenide Glass (As₂S₃) and Ethanol (C₂H₅OH) for Advanced Spectroscopy and Imaging Applications

Mid-infrared supercontinuum generation in a liquid-filled H-PCF refers to the development of a broad spectrum of optical light in the mid-infrared region by utilizing a specially engineered optical fiber that is filled with a liquid. Production of supercontinuum in hexagonal photonic crystal fibers filled with liquid in the mid-infrared range enables a wide range of spectroscopic and imaging techniques with great resolution. This is essential for medical diagnostics, military sensing, and advanced material characterization. We present a study on the formation of mid-infrared supercontinuum using numerical and design analysis. This research focuses on a specific type of photonic crystal fiber called liquid-filled H-PCF, which is made of chalcogenide glass (As<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf>S<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf>). The suggested core diameter of the fiber is 2 μm, and the first ring of the fiber contains six air holes that are filled with ethanol (C<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf>H<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</inf>OH). The simulation results indicate that when a 10-kW peak power input pulse with a pulse duration of 50 fs is applied to a C<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf>H<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</inf>OH-filled H-PCF at a pumping wavelength of 1.960 μm, the observed supercontinuum (SC) spectra extend up to 8 μm. Moreover, the suggested method could be a viable option in various domains such as medicine, defense, imaging, metrology, spectroscopy, and more.