Energy Efficient Clustering Protocol for Network Lifetime Enhancement in Wireless Body Area Network

Wireless body area networks (WBANs) are crucial for patient assistance and monitoring of the health surveillance system. This work proposes a low-duty cycle-based clustering algorithm that adjusts awake and sleep times according to the criticality of the sensor data that needs to be transmitted in order to increase energy efficiency. According to the LEACH Protocol, the proposed method splits the network into two parts. The steady state phase is the first, while the setup phase is the second. Apply a low-duty cycle first, then identify the first cluster heads (CHs) as the distant centroid with the maximum energy of a living node. Based on residual energy determined from the threshold distance from, the ensuing CHs are detected. After the clusters are established, the Cluster Head delivers emergency data to the base station by aggregating it from active nodes with low duty cycle values. By using this method, data transmission in the patient's normal state is avoided (i.e., dead nodes). Across the network, this technology improves energy efficiency. Using the MATLAB tool, the Energy Efficient low duty cycle-based cluster approach (EELDCA) protocol's performance is assessed, and the findings are examined. The simulation findings confirm that the suggested method extends the lifetime of the entire WBAN and increases the network's energy efficiency.