Dynamic Sharing Model for Energy Storage and User Demand in Distribution Areas Based on a Value-Sharing Mechanism

With the large-scale integration of renewable energy, the volatility and instability of power systems have become more prominent. Energy storage technology has emerged as a key solution for regulating grid load and enhancing system stability. This paper proposes an optimization model based on a value-sharing mechanism for dynamic load coordination between energy storage systems and users. The model integrates the charge-discharge capabilities of energy storage with user load demand variations to achieve dynamic optimization of demand response and power distribution. Specifically, a power matching mechanism between energy storage and users is developed, and a value-sharing framework based on Nash Bargaining theory is applied to ensure a balanced interest distribution in power transactions. Finally, a multi-period optimization function is designed to minimize user electricity costs by considering demand fluctuations and price changes. Simulations on the MATPOWER platform verify the effectiveness of the proposed model. Results show that the strategy reduces user electricity costs by an average of 16.23%, with energy storage operators receiving 50% of the savings as service compensation. The spatial-temporal optimization of energy storage also improves load balance and operational efficiency. This study provides a practical solution for the commercial application of distributed energy storage in distribution areas and supports the large-scale deployment of energy storage in future power systems.