Menopausal Status-Dependent Alterations in Bone Mineral Density in Women Transitioning from Menopause to Postmenopause: An Observational Multicenter Study

Menopause significantly impacts bone health, with hormonal changes, inflammation, and anthropometric factors contributing to BMD decline. Early identification of modifiable risk factors, such as high BMI, low education levels, and multiparity, is crucial for implementing targeted interventions. These findings emphasize the need for preventive strategies, including lifestyle modifications and early screening, to mitigate bone loss and its associated health risks in postmenopausal women.