Internal Equity: Analyzing Fluctuations in Salary Differences within Public Education in California Over Time

Abstract Purpose: Given ongoing discussions about salary disparities in various industries, this study examines compensation trends among teachers, building principals, and superintendents within the same school districts from 2000 to 2021. The following research questions guided our analysis: How has the compensation for teachers, building administrators, and superintendents changed over time relative to the rate of inflation? How have the comparative differences in compensation for teachers, building principals, and superintendents changed over time? Research Methods: Using 20 years of salary data from California, we examined changes in teacher, principal, and superintendent compensation. We applied least squares regression to assess salary trends and conducted hypothesis testing on the ratio of teacher-to-superintendent pay over time. Findings: Our analysis indicates that while superintendent salaries may reach a ceiling in relation to teacher pay, smaller school districts exhibit a salary floor effect, potentially constraining administrative salary growth. Implications: These findings suggest that increases in superintendent salaries are directly linked to teacher pay adjustments. Policymakers should consider strategies for raising teacher compensation to ensure equitable and competitive salary structures across all roles.