Electronic Voting іn Ukraine: Legal Aspects іn the Context of Technological Innovations and Prospects

The legal aspects of the organization of electronic voting (e-voting) in Ukraine in the context of technological innovations and prospects for implementation are considered. The essence and forms of e-voting as an innovative tool for the realization of citizens' electoral rights are investigated. The main technological solutions used in the world practice are considered: Internet voting (i-voting), use of electronic terminals (DRE), biometric identification, smart card technologies and two-factor authorization. Particular attention is paid to the issue of security, authentication and transparency of e-voting, including the risks of cyber threats, loss of voter confidence and digital inequality. The potential benefits of introducing blockchain voting are noted, but the need for legal regulation of the relevant processes is emphasized. The author analyzes the legal framework of Ukraine in the field of electoral legislation, including the provisions of the Constitution of Ukraine, the Electoral Code and the Concept for the Development of Electronic Democracy. The author emphasizes the possibility of using them as a starting point for the development of special regulations on e-voting in Ukraine. It is noted that certain elements of the digital transformation of the electoral process, such as the State Register of Voters accessible through online services or electronic identification of citizens through the BankID and Diia.Signature systems, are still being implemented in Ukraine. The author substantiates the need for an integrated approach to the introduction of e-voting, which involves the creation of special regulations, ensuring equal access of citizens to digital technologies, legal certainty of electronic voting, and the use of international experience. Ukraine, having chosen the European direction of development, should adapt the best practices of e-voting to its own realities and challenges. Keywords: e-voting, internet voting, voter identification, digital signature, blockchain, suffrage, e-democracy, cybersecurity, Electoral Code, Ukraine.