livMatS biomimetic shell: Structural advancements of segmented timber shells towards permanent building constructions

Segmented timber shells (STS) represent an emerging modular system for lightweight, free-form architecture. While prior applications have largely been limited to temporary demonstrators, this paper presents the livMatS Biomimetic Shell —the first permanent, fully functioning building realised using a segmented timber shell system —marking a major step toward scalable and long-term architectural integration. The project demonstrates a holistic, digitally driven approach that integrates co-design across architecture, engineering, and robotic fabrication, in close collaboration with industry partners. The research applies an integrative structural design methodology, combining parametric shape analysis and advanced finite element methods to optimise the shell’s form, segmentation, and structural performance. A central innovation is the refined hollow timber cassette system, which reduces material volume and structural weight while enabling insulation integration and structural adaptability. Additional contributions include a bifurcated shell geometry that incorporates a skylight and an innovative weather-responsive shading system. As a full-scale scientific demonstrator, the livMatS Biomimetic Shell positions STS as a viable, sustainable, and structurally robust solution for contemporary long-span timber architecture.