Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity of Propolis Extracts from Family Farming

Objective: To evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of propolis extracts derived from family farming against pathogens associated with oropharyngeal, gastrointestinal, and skin infections, as well as dental caries and candidiasis. Theoretical Framework: Beekeeping, an economically viable and environmentally strategic activity, can be sustainably carried out in Permanent Preservation Areas and Legal Reserves, promoting biodiversity conservation, native species pollination, and the strengthening of ecologically based production systems. Additionally, propolis—one of its main by-products—can contribute to production diversification, income generation, and the development of products with therapeutic and cosmetic applications. Method: An initial screening of the antimicrobial activity of ethanolic propolis extracts (one commercial and three from family farming) was conducted using the well diffusion method, with antimicrobial activity assessed by measuring inhibition halos. Subsequently, broth microdilution assays were performed in 96-well microplates to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of each extract. Results/Discussion: The tested extracts inhibited the growth of the evaluated microorganisms and presented satisfactory MICs when compared to the commercial extract. Research Implications: The laboratory analysis provides practical contributions to the bioeconomy by strengthening beekeeping as a driver of socio-environmental development. Originality/Value: This study highlights the promising potential of propolis extracts in controlling both bacterial and fungal infections, thereby promoting the valorization of sustainable production systems, contributing to production diversification, and reinforcing the local economy.