Microstructure borophene-based circular polarized slotted antenna for enhanced dual-band THz sensing and detection systems

Abstract This paper introduces a novel design of a microstructure borophene-based circular polarized slotted antenna aimed at enhancing dual-band THz sensing and detection systems. The proposed antenna features borophene as the primary radiating element, a slotted configuration integrated with a defective ground plane, silver feeding for improved conductivity, and a silicon dioxide substrate for structural support. The antenna operates at two distinct resonant frequencies, 1.615 THz and 2.93 THz, which are highly suited for sensing and detection applications in the terahertz range. A thorough parametric analysis was conducted to optimize the antenna’s performance, resulting in exceptional characteristics. At the first resonant frequency of 1.615 THz, the antenna achieves a significant return loss of −57.87 dB, while the second resonant frequency of 2.93 THz exhibits a return loss of −17.30 dB. The antenna provides an impedance bandwidth of 16.14% (ranging from 1.74 to 1.48 THz) at 1.615 THz, and 28.57% (from 3.19 to 2.73 THz) at 2.93 THz, ensuring broad coverage for dual-band operation. The impedance matching is excellent, with a real impedance of 118.71 ohms and an efficiency of 74.18%. The antenna demonstrates circular polarization, verified by an axial ratio close to 1, and further confirmed through field distribution analysis. Co- and cross-polarization characteristics in both the E-plane and H-plane are explored, alongside the 3D radiation patterns for both resonant frequencies. Mode analysis reveals the <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>T</mml:mi> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>E</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>211</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> mode at 1.615 THz and the <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mi>T</mml:mi> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>E</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>221</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> mode at 2.93 THz, further validating the antenna’s performance. These findings establish the proposed antenna as a promising solution for THz sensing and detection systems, offering superior bandwidth, polarization control, and efficiency for advanced applications.