A robust and efficient multi-port converter design for electric vehicle applications: optimized via artificial gorilla troops algorithm

Abstract This paper presents a multiport converter (MPC) designed for electric vehicle (EV) applications, with potential use in renewable energy systems (RES). The proposed MPC interfaces the AC grid, enabling seamless energy transfer from input sources to multiple output ports. These output ports facilitate the simultaneous management of two distinct voltage levels through a single DC link, enhancing system flexibility and efficiency. The Control scheme, employing Proportional-Resonant (PR) and Proportional-Integral (PI) controllers, is implemented to regulate power flow between input sources and loads. The system operates in three modes: Mode 1 employs power factor correction (PFC) to synchronize voltage and current while reducing harmonics, the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of the grid current is 3.65%; Mode 2 allows grid-to-battery charging while supplying a low-voltage load; and Mode 3 functions as a single-input dual-output converter to power both the motor and auxiliary loads. Additionally, Artificial Gorilla Troops Optimizer (AGTO) is used to rapidly and precisely tune controller parameters. The proposed MPC features a modular structure and achieves a high efficiency of 98.64%, surpassing the reported efficiencies in previous studies, while consisting of 12 components only, making it a promising solution for sustainable energy management in EVs and RES applications.