Assessing the electrolyte imbalances, predisposing factors and their impact on sleep quality in chronic kidney disease patients: a hospital-based study

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) poses a significant burden on patients' health and quality of life, often accompanied by various risk factors, electrolyte disturbances and disturbances in sleep patterns. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital inpatient general medicine department over a period of six months and recorded 120 cases. Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) was used to assess the quality of sleep and chi square test was performed as a statistical significance for the risk factors and complications and obtained the results. Results: Out of 120 cases, 68 were males and 52 were females; patients with an age group greater than 65 years are more prone to CKD (p value <0.05, i.e., 0.048). Hypertension was the major risk factor, followed by diabetes, among these patients (p value <0.05). Anemia, sepsis, and edema are the most common complications among CKD patients. This study confirms that the majority of the patients have long-term sleep disturbances followed by poor sleep quality. Significant decrease in glomerular filtration rate, albumin levels, serum sodium, serum calcium levels, and an increase in serum creatinine levels, blood urea nitrogen, bilirubin levels, serum potassium, serum chloride and serum phosphate levels were observed in these CKD patients. Conclusions: Study concluded that assessing sleep quality, monitoring electrolyte levels were essential for comprehensive care in CKD patients. Addressing sleep problems and managing risk factors can improve well-being, while maintaining electrolyte balance helps manage complications and prevent disease progression.