30-meter resolution cropland distribution dataset of the YarlungZangbo-Lhasa-Nyangqv River region, Tibet Autonomous Region, 1990–2023

<p indent="0mm">In this paper, the spatial distribution dataset of cropland in the Yarlung-Zangbo-Lhasa-Nyangqv River region from 1990 to 2023 was extracted based on Landsat 5 Level 2, Collection 2, Tier 1 and Landsat 8 Level 2, Collection 2, Tier 1 data. High-resolution images were used for the cropland sample labeling in 2023, and for generating validation point sets in 2015 and 2020. The ResUNet model was applied to extract cropland information from Landsat data. The model underwent fine-tuning to adapt to the characteristics of Landsat 5 data, ensuring consistency in accuracy across different sensors and years. Eight year’s products were finally obtained, corresponding to the distribution of cropland in the region in 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, 2020 and 2023. Among them, the precision of the 2015 and 2020 cropland distribution dataset is 97.72% and 96.84%, the recall is 91.99% and 92.52%, and the F1 reaches 0.9477 and 0.9463. This dataset can provide scientific basis for the sustainable development of agriculture and land management in this area.