Influence of Co‐Substitution of Bi ³⁺ and Ti ⁴⁺ on Structural, Magnetic, and Dielectric Properties of PrFeO ₃ Nanoparticles Prepared with the Help of Sol‐Gel Route

In this investigation, Pr 1− x Bi x Fe 1− x Ti x O 3 (where x = 0.00, 0.025, 0.050, and 0.10) nanoparticles have been fabricated via a wet‐chemical route. The Rietveld refinement method, in conjunction with X‐ray diffraction analysis, demonstrates that substitution and co‐substitution of ions above 1.0 mol% of into PrFeO 3 (PFO) lead to the formation of an impurity/secondary phase. The substitution and co‐substitution ions act as grain growth promoters, which is confirmed through scanning electron microscopy. A decrease in the optical bandgap from 3.08 eV to 2.99 eV with increases of substitution and co‐substitution ion concentration from 0 mol% to 10 mol% into PFO is observed through UV–visible absorption spectroscopy with the help of Tauc plots. For prepared samples, the dielectric loss (tan δ ) and dielectric constant ( ε r ) are also measured as a function of frequency. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of these prepared samples also tested. A potential rational for the observed characteristics displayed by these materials is presented and explored. These characteristics suggest that the present samples can be employed as multifunctional materials.