Advancing positive youth development: integrating the 12CS framework into volleyball training programs

Introduction: This research explored the integration of the expanded 12Cs PYD model, which included commitment, consistency, comprehensiveness, collaboration, and competition, into volleyball training to enhance the transfer of life skills into daily life. Purpose: The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of integrating the 12Cs model into volleyball training programs, particularly in improving PYD outcomes through the transfer of life skills to real-world applications. Method: The study method used an experimental approach involving 45 volleyball athletes aged 15-19 years from Lubuklinggau, Indonesia, who were divided into three groups: (1) training with 12Cs transferred into daily life, (2) training with 12Cs without transfer into daily life, and (3) a control group with standard volleyball training. Measurements were taken before and after the treatment using validated 12Cs PYD questionnaires. Statistical analysis, including Welch and Brown-Forsythe tests, was used to assess differences between groups. Result: The results showed a significant increase in PYD outcomes for the group that received 12Cs training with transfer into daily life, particularly in social competence, confidence, connection, and positive character development. This group demonstrated the highest average score increase compared to the other groups, emphasizing the importance of transfer into daily life to maximize PYD outcomes. Conclusion: the integration of the 12Cs model into sports-based programs, focusing on transfer into daily life, effectively enhanced PYD. Volleyball became a strategic medium for integrating the 12Cs model for youth development.