Congenital heart disease: An overview for primary care physicians

Congenital heart disease (CHD) refers to a range of abnormalities in the structure and function of the heart that are present at birth. It is one of the most common congenital conditions and it is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children, with potential long-term effects that can extend into adulthood. This article provides a review of the pathophysiology of CHD, along with its clinical manifestations, to enhance GPs’ understanding of the condition. In addition, it outlines the different secondary care referral pathways, to ensure timely and effective management for patients with suspected CHD.