Inhibition of Toll-Like Receptor 3 Relieves Osteoarthritis by Suppression of Cartilage Degradation, Nuclear Factor Kappa B–Mediated Inflammation, and Activation of Autophagy

TLR3 drives OA progression through dual mechanisms: 1. Pro-inflammatory Pathway: Activates NF-κB signaling to amplify cytokine release and cartilage matrix breakdown. 2. Autophagy Suppression: Inhibits autophagy-related proteins, impairing cellular homeostasis. Targeting TLR3 may represent a therapeutic strategy to balance inflammation and autophagy, potentially slowing OA progression in multi-joint involvement cases.