TRENDS IN TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THE RAILWAY INDUSTRY: INTERNATIONAL AND DOMESTIC EXPERIENCE

The article examines key trends in the technological and innovative development of the railway industry at the international and domestic levels. It considers modern achievements such as the introduction of digital technologies, automation of transportation management, development of high-speed traffic, the use of environmentally friendly technologies (hydrogen trains, energy-efficient systems) and infrastructure modernization. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of foreign experience, and Russian practices are also analyzed, including the implementation of projects within the framework of state programs in the context of political and economic instability. The main needs and directions for further development of rail transport in Russia are highlighted.