Non-Thyroidal Illness Syndrome in Neonatal Intensive Care Units

Objective: This study aims to establish the incidence of non-thyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) in newborns and investigate its potential impact on neonatal outcomes. Additionally, by identifying the risk factors associated with the development of NTIS, this study aims to deepen the understanding of the condition. Materials and Methods: A total of 337 patients in the neonatal intensive care unit were studied retrospectively. Data on demographic and clinical characteristics, including gestational age, birth weight, head circumference, height, Apgar score, SNAPPE score, presence of congenital anomalies, mode of delivery, respiratory support, and duration of hospitalization, were collected. All patients underwent measurement of TSH and free T4 levels. Results: The study found that 4.5% of patients were diagnosed with NTIS. Patients with NTIS had higher rates of preterm delivery. NTIS patients exhibited lower gestational age, birth weight, head circumference, height, and Apgar scores than non-NTIS patients. NTIS patients had significantly more extended hospital stays, but no differences in mechanical ventilation duration or SNAPPE scores were obtained. Conclusions: This study indicates that thyroid dysfunction can occur in critically ill newborns, highlighting the necessity of evaluating thyroid function in this demographic.