CPW-Fed Monopole Antenna Employing Sierpinski Triangle Fractal Designs for Compact Wireless Systems

This study introduces a CPW-fed monopole antenna incorporating the Sierpinski triangle fractal pattern, tailored for compact wireless systems operating at 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz. By extending the fractal structure through four iterative stages, key performance indicators, including bandwidth, radiation patterns and surface current distribution are analyzed. The fractal geometry’s progression enhances the antenna’s electromagnetic properties, enabling dual-band functionality crucial for modern wireless communication needs. The analysis indicates that each iteration improves directivity delivering an efficient design with high performance in a reduced footprint. The results demonstrate that the fourth iteration offers significant improvements in both frequency bands, confirming that the fractal structure supports compactness without compromising gain or bandwidth. This approach is particularly effective for Wi-Fi systems and other dual-band applications where both compact design and strong directional performance are essential. Overall, the optimized Sierpinski triangle fractal antenna meets the technical requirements for high-efficiency, multi-frequency wireless solutions, making it well-suited for integration into space-constrained devices such as routers, access points and IoT hardware.