Enhancing Urban Living with MFO based Sensor Node Localization for Outdoor Parking System

As urban areas expand and the number of vehicles increases, the challenge of managing parking, especially the need for quick setup of temporary outdoor spaces, becomes more critical. IoT-enabled wireless sensor-based systems emerge as key solutions, offering streamlined and instant-ready management of parking spaces. In this study, we introduce an innovative approach for the localization of sensor nodes deployed in every parking slot in outdoor parking spaces. This innovative approach elevates these sensor-based parking spaces by optimally positioning anchor nodes through Moth Flame Optimization. This strategy, combined with refined techniques for distance estimation and addressing coverage holes, significantly boosts sensor node localization precision. The results demonstrate significant improvements in localization precision compared to traditional methods and also pave the way for future advancements in urban parking infrastructure, setting a new standard in the realm of smart city development.