Synergistic Nitric Oxide Therapy and Phototherapy Using a Novel Bacteria Scavenger for Treatment of Acute Rhinosinusitis

Acute rhinosinusitis is one of the most prevalent diseases seriously affecting the well-being and quality of life. To address this condition, a novel intelligent liposome nanoparticle (BHL@IR780@LNP) was constructed by coloading the photosensitizer IR780 and a nitric oxide donor (l-arginine-loaded biguanide chitosan-hyaluronic acid composite nanoparticles, BHL) onto liposome nanoparticles composed of cholesterol and soybean phospholipids. Under irradiation with an 808 nm near-infrared laser, BHL@IR780@LNP was able to generate heat and reactive oxygen species, resulting in the precise release of nitric oxide, which effectively killed 97.5% of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and 99.2% of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, respectively. Furthermore, <i>in vivo</i> findings demonstrated that BHL@IR780@LNP+L could effectively eliminate 99.5% of <i>S. aureus</i> at the nasal mucous membrane and significantly reduce inflammatory markers. Overall, this study demonstrates a highly effective antibacterial nanoformulation (BHL@IR780@LNP+L) that innovatively integrates the synergistic effects of heat, reactive oxygen species, and nitric oxide to combat acute rhinosinusitis.