Linguistic Genocide of Indigenous Languages in Pakistan and Nigeria: A Comparative analysis of Language Policies and Practices

In the post-colonial world, language policies often contribute to the vitality of languages, often determining which languages thrive or face extinction. This research investigates and compares Pakistani and Nigerian language policies and practices to ascertain which policies promote or exhibit linguicism against Indigenous languages. The data have been taken from the constitutions of the countries concerned, while data for actual language practices come from credible online sources. Employing a qualitative approach and a comparative research design, textual analysis of data has been conducted through the linguicism lens as the theoretical framework and linguistic imperialism as the analytical framework. The study’s findings highlight the persistence of English as a colonial legacy in shaping language policies in Pakistan and Nigeria. Pakistan has officially recognized English and Urdu, whereas Nigeria has recognized English, Hausa, Igbo, and Yoruba. Pakistan uses only English and Urdu in key domains such as politics, the economy, law, and education, to the neglect of Indigenous languages. Similarly, Nigeria grants official recognition to English and actively uses it in key domains such as government, law, and administration. Nigeria also grants official status to Hausa, Igbo, and Yoruba. However, their usage is subservient to English and remains limited. This study advocates the elimination of language-based discrimination and emphasizes the formulation of more inclusive language policies to safeguard and promote linguistic diversity. Moreover, this research aligns Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 10 (Reducing Inequalities) by highlighting the role of language policies in promoting equitable access to citizens in their native languages and reducing social inequalities.