Can the Tests Applicable to One Fundamental Freedom Be Extended to Other Freedoms of Movement?

Enshrined in the field of the free movement of goods by the landmark Cassis de Dijon ruling, the principle of mutual recognition has enjoyed a successful trajectory in the realm of the other fundamental economic freedoms as well. More unusually, the debates sparked by the case law on golden shares have advanced the idea that the approach to selling arrangements (or so-called "marketing arrangements") established in the Keck and Mithouard judgment could also be extended to the area of free movement of capital, in the form of investment arrangements that would fall outside the scope of Article 63 TFEU. These examples of synergy between the freedoms of movement, which “intermingle in a single legal matrix” (as noted by Prof. Ch. Gavalda), are closely linked to the interpretative competence conferred on the Court of Justice in Luxembourg under Article 267 TFEU within the framework of the preliminary ruling procedure.