Exercise immunology in 2 decades: systematic review and bibliometric analysis

Aim. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and bibliometric analysis of the literature related to sports immunology over the past two decades. Methods. The Scopus database was searched, and the VOSviewer tool was used to map research trends, collaboration between researchers, and key themes in the field. Results. The findings indicate that moderate-intensity exercise improves immune function, while strenuous exercise can suppress the immune response and increase the risk of respiratory tract infections, as described in the open-window hypothesis. Over the last two decades, there have been significant advances in our understanding of sports immunology. The systematic review highlights critical findings regarding the effects of acute and chronic exercise on immune function, while the bibliometric analysis reveals emerging trends and influential studies in the field.