Are beaches accessible to all? Economic valuation and mapping of recreational ecosystem services for wheelchair users in Greece

Individuals with mobility impairments frequently face significant barriers to participating in coastal recreational activities, primarily due to inadequate infrastructure and poor maintenance. This study evaluates the needs and behaviors of wheelchair users to estimate the economic value of beach recreation for this group in Greece. By combining economic valuation methods with accessibility analysis, we estimate that beach recreation for wheelchair users generates approximately €237 million annually. However, existing accessibility barriers result in an estimated annual loss of €57 million. Our spatial analysis reveals that beaches equipped with accessibility infrastructure yield an average annual value of €92,611 per beach, compared to €42,374 for those without such facilities. On average, the recreational value for wheelchair users across Greek beaches is €62,206 per hectare per year. Notably, only 11 % of access ramps (n = 322) include all essential accessibility features, such as designated disabled parking. These findings underscore the need for targeted infrastructure improvements, providing policymakers with actionable insights to foster inclusive tourism, enhance social equity, and support economically and socially sustainable coastal management. • For wheelchair users, beach accessibility means equality, freedom, autonomy, and quality of life. • The recreation value of Greek beaches for wheelchair users is valued at €237 million per year. • Only 11 % of reported access ramps offer all necessary accessibility infrastructures (e.g., disabled parking). • Beaches with access infrastructures have a mean value of €92,611/yr, versus €42,374/yr for those without. • An estimated €57 million in recreational value is lost annually due to accessibility barriers.