Design of Water Treatment Plant for a Residential Building

This research presents the planning and design of a small-scale Water Treatment Plant (WTP) for a residential apartment located in Udaipur, Rajasthan, India. The selected raw water source is Goverdhan Sagar Lake, a local surface water body that, while abundant, contains chemical and microbial impurities rendering it unfit for direct consumption. A series of physico-chemical tests conducted on lake water and existing bore well supply confirmed that essential water quality parameters exceeded the permissible limits set by standards. Based on the analysis, a compact and modular WTP was designed consisting of a submerged intake structure, screening chamber, pressure filtration system, zeolite-based softening unit, and a chlorine disinfection tank. Calculations for domestic and fire water demand were also done, ensuring the treatment plant meets peak and emergency scenarios. Along with that, recommendations for sustainable practices through energy-efficient pumping, sludge management, and future adaptability for zero liquid discharge (ZLD) or reuse. This provides a base model for small-scale water treatment and leaves scope for future scholars or engineers to improve and expand on the design.