Factores de riesgo para complicaciones postoperatorias secundarias a tratamiento quirúrgico de cáncer colorrectal en Argentina. Resultados de un registro multicéntrico prospectivo nacional.

Background: Surgery represents a cornerstone in the treatment of patients with colorectal cancer. Currently there is little information on risk factors for complications after these procedures in Latin America. Methods: Data from the national prospective registry of colorectal cancer in Argentina was used. The included patients were divided into 2 groups according to whether they presented complications after the procedure (COP) or not (NCOP). A comparative analysis of the clinical and operative characteristics between both groups was performed. Results: 823 patients with a mean age of 48 years were included. The incidence of complications after surgery was 34.51%. The COP group presented more patients with a high Charlson score (51.76 vs. 33.77%, p: < 0.001), higher rates of anemia (64.79 vs. 52.89%, p: 0.001), and greater exposure to neoadjuvant treatment (17.25 vs. 11.17%, p: 0.015). Rectal tumors were more frequent in the COP group (29.58 vs. 23.05%, p: 0.041), who also had more emergent procedures. The COP group had more requirements for prolonged surgery (34.63 vs. 17.13%, p: < 0.001) and higher rates of conversion from laparoscopic to conventional surgery. In the multivariate analysis, male sex (OR: 1.66, p: 0.007), emergency surgery (OR: 2.18, p: 0.012), a high Charlson score (OR: 1.58, p: 0.036), and the requirement of a prolonged surgery (OR: 1.83, p: 0.005) were independently related to presenting postoperative complications. Conclusion: The present study shows an association between clinical and operative factors and the development of postoperative complications. Future efforts should be dedicated to optimizing patients and resources in an attempt to improve the results of this type of intervention.