Application of Optimized PI-PD Controller for Load Frequency Control in Deregulated Environment

Objectives: The deregulation of power networks has produced new obstacles for Load Frequency Control (LFC) due to the increased complexity caused by Generation Companies (GENCOS) functioning individually in a competitive world. The objective of this study is to expand LFC presentation in a deregulated environment by optimizing a Proportional-Integral-Proportional-Derivative (PI-PD) controller with the Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) optimized technique. A robust and adaptive control method is tried to develop for (GENCOS). Method: The Simulations are conducted using MATLAB 2018 version. The study adopts a full dynamic model of a deregulated multi-area multi-source interlinked power system (MAMS-IPS) having Thermal-Hydro-Gas generating units following AVR in both interconnected areas. Also taking into account the interactions between generation companies (GENCOS), Transmission Companies (TRANSCOS), and Distribution Companies (DISCOS), the study is further expanded by adding a magnetic storage device (SMES), followed by a FACTs Device (UPFC). Its effects are absorbed by frequency and Tie-line power variation. Finding: The ABC-based PI-PD controller method intends to reduce performance indices such as ISE, IAE, ITSE, and ITAE. Settling time and Peak overshoot of responses are reduced. The result of the suggested controller is compared with recently published novel techniques. Settling time for frequency and Tie-line power responses are 5.2456 sec, 8.6810 sec, and 11.58 sec which are quite better as compared to the result of novel techniques of literature. Peak time is also improved impressively it is 0.000231 sec and 0.00004019 sec for frequency deviation and 0.0001745 sec for tie-line power variation. Eigenvalues analysis is conducted to comment on the stability of the power system. Novelty: Nonlinearities such as GRC, GDB, and Boiler are introduced in MAMS-IPS. Simulation findings show that the suggested approach improves frequency regulation, reduces settling time (ST), and increases system stability. The robustness of the proposed controller under varied loading circumstances is investigated. Keywords: Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES), Unified Power Flow Control (UPFC), Governor Dead Band (GDB), Governor Rate Constraints (GRC), Proportional Integral-Proportional Derivative (PI-PD), Artificial Bee Colony (ABC)