Evaluation of Hematologic Markers in Hypertensive and Non-hypertensive Epistaxis Patients

<b>Objective:</b> The objective of the study is to investigate the development of epistaxis and its relationship with hypertension, as well as inflammatory parameters such as the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), the pan-immune inflammation value (PIV), the systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI), the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and the aggregate index of systemic inflammation (AISI).<br /> <b>Methods: </b>Our study is a retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with and treated for epistaxis from January 2021 to January 2023. Patient demographic information and NLR, PIV, SIRI, SII and AISI were calculated. Patients were divided into two groups based on their systolic blood pressure measurements: The study then compared the two groups.<br /> <b>Results: </b>A total of 743 participants who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study, with 545 (73.3%) cases of non-hypertensive epistaxis and 198 (26.7%) cases of hypertensive epistaxis.  The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was found to be significantly higher in hypertensive epistaxis (3.6 vs. 1.6; p<0.001) when evaluating the combined blood parameters. Furthermore, PIV values were notably elevated in the hypertensive group (813.53 vs 252.71; p<0.001). Consequently, SII, SIRI, and AISI values were found to be significantly higher in hypertensive epistaxis compared to non-hypertensive epistaxis.<br /> <b>Conclusion: </b>NLR, PIV, SIRI, SII, and AISI in predicting bleeding in epistaxis patients presenting at the emergency department.