Decoding Artificial Intelligence: A Tutorial on Neural Networks in Behavioral Research

Background: Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), particularly multilayer perceptrons (MLPs) with backpropagation, are increasingly used in Behavioral and Health Sciences for data analysis. This paper provides a comprehensive tutorial on implementing backpropagation in MLP models for regression and classification tasks using Python. Method: The tutorial guides readers step-by-step through building a backpropagation MLP using a simulated data matrix (N = 1,000) with psychological variables, demonstrating ANNs’ versatility in predicting continuous variables and classifying (binary and polytomous) patterns. Python scripts and detailed output interpretations are included. Results: MLP models trained with backpropagation show effectiveness in regression (R² = .71) and classification (binary AUC = .93, polytomous AUC range: .81-.93) on test sets. Conclusions: This tutorial aims to demystify ANNs and promote their use in Behavioral and Health Sciences and other fields, bridging the gap between theory and practical implementation.