Integrating Sustainability and Inclusion in Agricultural Value Chains: A Multi-Criteria Investment Framework for Nigeria

This study develops and applies a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) framework integrated with Multi- Objective Linear Programming (MOLP) to optimize agricultural investment allocation across seven value chains within Nigeria’s LIFE-ND (Livelihood Improvement Family Enterprises–Niger Delta) program. Traditional mono-objective investment models often emphasize economic return, marginalizing socially significant sectors such as nutrition, marketing, and fishery. By incorporating economic efficiency, equity, and sustainability into the model anchored on the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) framework the research introduces a composite performance approach to evaluate sectoral contributions. Results revealed a dominant allocation to crop production, while sectors like fish and nutrition remain underfunded despite demonstrating high responsiveness in elasticity analysis. Sensitivity and threshold evaluations reveal the model’s heavy reliance on crop-sector performance, raising concerns about resilience and diversification. The findings underscore the need for inclusive, impact-driven investment policies that align with national and international development goals, including the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The study offers a replicable framework for evidence-based resource allocation, ensuring balanced growth, social inclusion, and sustainable agri food systems in sub-Saharan Africa.