Multi-Criteria Decision-Making for Selecting Renewable and Sustainable Gasoline Biofuel Additives Based on an Integrated AHP-TOPSIS Model

Article Multi-Criteria Decision-Making for Selecting Renewable and Sustainable Gasoline Biofuel Additives Based on an Integrated AHP-TOPSIS Model Montaser Mahmoud 1, Tamer M. M. Abdellatief 1,2, Ridvan Aydin 3 and Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem 1,2,* 1 Sustainable Energy & Power Systems Research Centre, RISE, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates 2 Chemical Engineering Department, Minia University, Elminia 61519, Egypt 3 Department of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, College of Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 28 January 2025; Revised: 7 March 2025; Accepted: 8 April 2025; Published: 22 April 2025 Abstract: The production of biofuel from locally available biomass resources is a crucial step toward achieving a sustainable energy production system. As a result, it is crucial to select a suitable biomass resource by considering its availability and combining several other factors simultaneously. Since conventional single-criteria decision-making techniques can no longer handle such complexity, multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) is recommended. The current paper aims to apply MCDM to select renewable and sustainable gasoline biofuel additives to produce high-octane gasoline with high gasoline engine performance and low exhaust emissions based on an integrated AHP-TOPSIS model. The compared gasoline biofuel alternatives are isopropanol, ethanol, methanol, isobutanol, di-isobutylene, n-butanol, and (Di isopropyl ether) DIPE. Ten technical criteria that address various elements such as research octane number, motor octane number, density, Reid vapor pressure, boiling point temperature, auto-ignition temperature, heat of evaporation at 25 °C, Flashpoint, stoichiometric air-fuel ratio (AFR), and laminar flame speed are used in MCDM. The overall MCDM results revealed that isopropanol and ethanol achieved the highest rankings, which is consistent with the advantages and technical characteristics of the gasoline biofuel additives. The ranking of gasoline additives places isopropanol at the top with a score of 0.6576, primarily due to its anti-knock properties, which contribute to the formation of gasoline with high octane, which is environmentally in fuel blending. This was closely followed by ethanol and isobutanol, with scores of 0.6301 and 0.626, respectively.