Emerging potential unconventional applications of gas hydrate technologies in sustainable and environmental industries

Owing to the unique phase-change properties of gas hydrate, hydrate-based technologies have garnered significant scientific interest in sustainable and environmental industry. Over the past decade, advancements in hydrate technology applications have demonstrated transformative potential across energy and environmental sectors, particularly in gas storage and separation, carbon capture and storage, cold energy storage, and desalination. Unlike previous literature that focused on traditional hydrate technology applications, this review strictly examines the latest innovations in natural gas hydrate technologies in non-traditional hydrate fields, with a focus on their environmental sustainability and industrial scalability. Experimental and computational studies reveal the efficacy of hydrate-based methods in treating high-concentration industrial wastewater and radioactive effluents, while process intensification strategies enhance clean water production. Furthermore, novel applications in sludge dewatering, food concentration/preservation, and fire suppression systems are systematically analyzed. It also integrates hydrates with metal–organic frameworks for improved gas storage. Assessing the Technology Readiness Level, we offer insights into the readiness of these applications for real-world deployment. The review concludes with reflections on the future trajectory of hydrate technologies in promoting a low-carbon economy and environmental conservation. • Emerging applications of gas hydrate technologies was reviewed. • Transformative potential of hydrate technology in sustainable industry was summarized. • Readiness level of various hydrate technologies was evaluated systematically.