An exhaustive analysis of food loss and waste at the retailing stage: the case of Moroccan wheat by-products

Abstract Addressing Food Loss and Wastes at the retail level is challenging due to inconsistent definitions and methods. Previous studies often overlook regional specificities and fail to segment product categories effectively. Our study in the Beni Mellal-Khenifra region (Morocco) focused on wheat-based products using stratified sampling and structured interviews with 67 retailers. Statistical analyses revealed that oversupply (r = +0.85) is the primary cause of FLW. Implementing FIFO principles (r = −0.54), efficient shelving (r = −0.50), and experienced staff (r = −0.46) reduces FLW rates. Standardizing our developed methodology can help the global scientific community effectively quantify and address FLW, supporting strategic interventions to meet sustainability goals.