Morphometric Characterization and Hydrological Dynamics of the Dzuza, Dhansiri and Khova Watersheds in Nagaland, India: Implications for Sustainable Management

Background: Morphometry is the quantitative assessment and mathematical analysis of landforms, essential for understanding watershed dynamics. The Dzuza, Dhansiri and Khova river basins in Nagaland, India, were analysed to comprehend their shape, drainage network and ecological importance. These watersheds are crucial for the sustainable management of water and land resources, particularly considering Nagaland’s diverse topography and hydrological circumstances. Methods: A field-laboratory study was performed utilising GIS and remote sensing technologies. Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data were acquired and analysed utilising ArcGIS 10.5 software to identify watersheds and calculate morphometric characteristics including drainage density, stream frequency, relief and slope. The data were examined to clarify the linear, relief and aerial characteristics of the three basins. Result: Dzuza Basin, a sixth-order system with 2815 m elevation and 6.44 ruggedness, is prone to erosion. Dhansiri, a seventh-order basin with a 4116.50-km stream network, has a complex drainage pattern, while the smaller Khova Basin also has distinct hydrological characteristics. High drainage densities (2.29-2.43 km/km2) suggest runoff potential, but north/northeast-facing slopes usually retain rainfall. Sustainable management requires customised watershed methods for erosion mitigation in Dzuza, water retention in Dhansiri and integrated soil-water conservation in Khova.